Sports Extra
History Of Football: First Football Clubs And The Big Competitions
History of Football – The game of football, also known as soccer in certain regions, boasts a rich and extensive past. Its modern iteration originated in England during the mid-1800s, although earlier variations of the sport also existed and contributed to its overall history.
Early History Of Football
The first documented instance of a team game incorporating a ball crafted from solid rock can be traced back to ancient Mesoamerican civilizations over 3,000 years ago. Referred to as Tchatali by the Aztecs, this game exhibited various adaptations across expansive regions. During certain ceremonial events, the ball would symbolize the sun, and the leader of the losing team would be offered as a sacrifice to the deities. A distinctive characteristic of the Mesoamerican ball game variations was the utilization of a resilient rubber ball, a resource inaccessible to other early cultures.
In China, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, the first recorded ball game involving kicking emerged under the name cuju. Cuju entailed the use of a spherical ball, constructed from stitched leather and filled with fur or feathers, on a square playing field. A modified rendition of this game was later disseminated to Japan, where it was known as kemari and practised in ceremonial settings, SportXparte reports.
Marn Gook, a ball game predominantly centred around kicking, is believed to predate cuju and was played by Aboriginal Australians. According to accounts from white settlers in the 1800s, the ball used in Marn Gook was fashioned from encased leaves or roots. While the specific rules remain largely unknown, akin to many early iterations of the game, a key objective appeared to be keeping the ball airborne.
Ball games have been played since Ancient Greece, with the ball originally made from shreds of leather filled with hair. It wasn’t until the 7th century that balls filled with air were documented. Despite this, ball games were not highly regarded and were not included in the Panhellenic Games. In Ancient Rome, ball games were not part of the entertainment in amphitheaters, but were used in military exercises under the name Harpastum. It was the Roman culture that introduced football to the British island, although it is unclear to what extent the British were influenced by this and how much they developed their own variations.
The Origin
The game, believed to have originated in England during the 12th century, was initially played on meadows and roads. Along with kicks, players also used their fists to strike the ball, making the early form of football much rougher and more violent than the modern version.
One notable characteristic of the early predecessors of football was the involvement of numerous participants and the vast areas in which the games took place, similar to the game known as Calcio in Florence during the 16th century. These games often resulted in damage to the town and even fatalities among the players. Consequently, the game faced prohibitions for several centuries. However, it resurfaced on the streets of London in the 17th century and, despite being banned again in 1835, had already become established in public schools.
Nonetheless, it took a considerable amount of time for the elements of today’s football to be fully implemented. The distinction between football and rugby was unclear for a long period, and there were numerous variations in terms of ball size, number of players, and match duration.
The game, commonly played in educational institutions, notably Rugby and Eton, had distinct variations in their rules. In Rugby, players were allowed to handle the ball, giving rise to the sport we now know as rugby. Conversely, at Eton, the ball was exclusively played with the feet, serving as a precursor to modern football. The game at Rugby was referred to as “the running game,” while at Eton, it was known as “the dribbling game.”
SportXparte reports that efforts to establish comprehensive rules for the game were made during a meeting in Cambridge in 1848. However, a definitive resolution to all rule-related matters was not achieved. Another significant milestone in football’s history occurred in 1863 when the first Football Association was formed in London, England. During this meeting, it was decided that carrying the ball with the hands would be prohibited. Additionally, standardization of the ball’s size and weight was implemented. Consequently, the game was divided into two codes: association football and rugby.
Despite these developments, the game continued to evolve, allowing for considerable flexibility in its rules. For instance, the number of players on the field could vary, and there was no requirement for teams to wear uniforms to distinguish themselves. Furthermore, players commonly wore caps, as heading the ball had not yet become a part of the game. For further information, please refer to “The Development of Football Rules.”
Another notable distinction between English and Scottish teams can be observed at this stage. While English teams favoured a more rugby-like approach of advancing with the ball, Scottish teams opted for passing the ball among their players. It was the Scottish approach that quickly gained dominance.
Initially, the sport served as entertainment for the working class in Britain. Remarkable numbers of spectators, reaching up to 30,000, would attend the major matches in the late 19th century. The popularity of the game soon spread as British individuals travelled to different parts of the world, driven by British colonization efforts. Particularly in South America and India, football garnered significant interest.
The First Football Clubs
Football clubs have been around for centuries, but their origins are shrouded in mystery. Some historians believe that the Foot-Ball Club formed in Edinburgh in 1824 was the first, but there were likely many unorganized teams before that. It wasn’t until the Industrial Revolution that football teams began to take shape, with workers forming their own clubs in larger cities. The oldest professional club, Notts County, was founded in 1862 and still exists today.
As the game grew in popularity, so did the desire to win. Some clubs began to pay their best players, leading to a period of transition and, eventually, the establishment of professional football. This was a game-changer, as tickets were sold to matches, and the sport became a source of entertainment for the masses. In 1885, professional football was legalized, and three years later, the Football League was established. The competition quickly expanded, with more and more clubs joining the league and the game reaching new heights of popularity.
The British teams held a dominant position for an extended period. However, after a few decades, clubs from Prague, Budapest, and Sienna emerged as the primary contenders to challenge British dominance.
Throughout history, women were often excluded from participating in games. It wasn’t until the late 19th century that women began to play football, with the first official women’s game taking place in Inverness in 1888.
The First Competitions
The history of football is a fascinating journey that started in the UK and spread across the globe. The Football Association Challenge Cup (FA Cup) was the first major competition that took place in 1871, followed by the first international match between England and Scotland in 1872. The game ended in a goalless draw, but the event drew a crowd of 4,000 people at Hamilton Crescent, as captured in iconic illustrations. The first international tournament took place in 1883, featuring England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Football was initially a British phenomenon, but it gradually spread to other European countries.
The first game outside Europe occurred in Argentina in 1867, but it was British workers who played the game, not Argentinean citizens. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) was founded in 1904, with representatives from France, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland signing the foundation act. England and other British countries did not join FIFA from the start, but they eventually joined in the following year. However, they did not participate in the World Cup until 1950. Relive the birth of modern football through these iconic images and witness the evolution of the beautiful game.
Many countries hosted domestic leagues, with the English Football League being the first established in 1888. Over time, these leagues expanded to include more divisions based on team performance. In 1908, football was officially included as a sport in the Olympic Games for the first time. Until the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930, the Olympic Games football tournament held the highest national prestige. It wasn’t until 1996 that women’s football was added to the Olympic Games.
Football And Black Players
Football, like many other sports, was dominated by white males for a significant period, SportXparte reports.
However, in contrast to sports such as tennis, football has had a relatively early presence of black players and has been recognized as a sport with a diverse mix of black and white players. Notably, Andrew Watson is acknowledged as the first black player in Britain, having played for the Scottish club Queen’s Park during the 1880s.
The Biggest Competitions
No other sports event can rival the FIFA World Cup in terms of global significance, except for the Summer Olympic Games. The inaugural edition of the FIFA World Cup took place in Uruguay in 1930 and has been held every fourth year since then, with only two exceptions due to the Second World War. In 1991, China hosted the first Women’s World Cup, which has also been held every fourth year since then.
Currently, the most prestigious international club tournament is the Champions League, which has been played since 1992 and was formerly known as the European Cup from 1955 to 1991.
During the late 19th century, only a handful of national football teams existed, with England and Scotland being the first to have active teams that competed against each other in the 1870s. Today, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the governing body of the sport, includes 211 national associations, highlighting the sport’s global reach. Another indication of football’s globalization is the significant increase in the number of nations participating in the World Cup qualifiers, rising from 32 in 1934 to over 200 in 2014.
The world regions have been divided into six confederations: Confédération Africaine de Football (CAF), Asian Football Confederation (AFC), Union des Associations Européennes de Football (UEFA), The Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF), Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), and Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL).
Football, being the largest sport in the world, is truly a global phenomenon. As David Goldblatt eloquently states in his book The Ball is Round, it provides a platform for individual brilliance while celebrating the determination and unity of collective effort, SportXparte understands.
This beautiful game has witnessed moments of tragedy and comedy, grandeur and simplicity, traditional entertainment and avant-garde experimentation. It encompasses both triumphant victories and miraculous escapes, as well as seemingly impossible comebacks and stubborn stalemates. Football captures the essence of unpredictability, showcasing the uncertainty of the human heart and the skilful art of improvisation and chance.
